Testing the efficiency of NOx reduction Most power stations use NOx reduction systems (such as ammonia injection, SCR, etc.) in the boilers to ensure that the emissions of such gases remain within the limits set by the environmental regulations in force.  Why Checking De-NOx processes Frequent checking of the De-NOx process is essential in power plants so as to identify...

Portable combustion analyzers and carbon monoxide With all residential and commercial boilers, furnaces and heaters, there is an inherent risk that cracks in the heat exchanger, improperly maintained ducting systems, improper venting, faulty equipment, incorrect fuel/air mixture, or other malfunctions can cause carbon monoxide (CO) to leak into the living or working environment of a building. Carbon monoxide: the silent...

Measuring exhaust gases of forklifts Many forklifts have engines that use propane, natural gas, diesel or other combustible fossil fuels. In all such cases, there are issues both in terms of the vehicle’s efficiency and safety in the workplace Why measuring forklifts emissions The use of forklifts with engines powered by fossil fuels requires three problems to be addressed: Optimizing...

Optimization and safety in industrial engines There are many types of industrial internal combustion engines, both stationary and mobile, that can run on gas or diesel. Engines can even run on lean combustion with a high AFR (Air to Fuel Ratio) or rich combustion with a low AFR. Emissions monitoring: why is it necessary? Combustion exhausts contain polluting gases such...

Combustion analysis: maximizing a system efficiency and safety In this Application Note, we will see the basic principles of combustion, in particular the differences between perfect (stoichiometric), good and unsafe combustion.  We will also see the relationship between combustion efficiency, system safety, and maintenance.  Combustion and the significance of unburned fuel  Combustion occurs when oxygen (O2) reacts with the fuel...

Combustion Efficiency on Condensing Boilers and Furnaces  Combustion efficiency is a measurement of how well any given fuel is being burned and converted into energy. 3 factors must be considered when calculating the efficiency:   Chemistry of the burned Fuel (natural gas, LPG, oil, etc.)  The CO2 percentage by volume  The NET ΔT between the Stack Gas & the Primary Combustion Air being...

Why use NOx filters on CO sensors? NOx is naturally acidic gas generated through combustion applications and it can reduce the accuracy and lifespan of CO readings. The CO values in combustion sources are critical to measuring and ensuring overall safety and calculating the efficiency of the combustion process. Gas sensor cross-sensitivity A common issue with gas sensors is the...

Industrial emissions analysis Many companies of various technologies work hard to reduce emissions, with one of the most commonly tools used today being the catalytic converter. Measuring exhaust gas emissions before and after catalysts helps to determine the effectiveness of the catalysis and whether the company is compliant with emissions regulations. The problem related to industrial emissions analysis To comply...

Portable emission analyzers in the mining sector At each mine site, significant levels of CO, CO2, NOx (NO + NO2), SO2, H2S and CxHy can be emitted and cause serious damage to the environment. For this reason, emission regulations are becoming increasingly stringent each year in an attempt to stem the production of greenhouse gases.  In addition to the typical...

The flexibility and versatility of a portable emissions analyzer Continuous emissions analyzers (CEMS) are typically fixed units that take measurements from a single sampling point, usually coinciding with the central stack. Conveyed in the latter are the separate emissions that occur in other parts of the installation, such as boilers, engines and furnaces.  The problem with a CEMs analyzer  A...